WSL2最佳实践

什么是WSL

WSL（windows subsystem for linux）适用于Linux的Windows的子系统，可以在windows操作系统上使用linux环境。

wsl可以使用的功能：

• 在 Microsoft Store 中选择你偏好的 GNU/Linux 分发版。
• 运行 Bash shell 脚本和 GNU/Linux 命令行应用程序
• 在 Windows 上调用 GNU/Linux 应用程序。

WSL1和WSL2比较

什么是WSL2

WSL 2 是适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统体系结构的一个新版本，它支持适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统在 Windows 上运行 ELF64 Linux 二进制文件。 它的主要目标是提高文件系统性能，以及添加完全的系统调用兼容性。

这一新的体系结构改变了这些 Linux 二进制文件与Windows 和计算机硬件进行交互的方式，但仍然提供与 WSL 1（当前广泛可用的版本）中相同的用户体验。

单个 Linux 分发版可以在 WSL 1 或 WSL 2 体系结构中运行。 每个分发版可随时升级或降级，并且你可以并行运行 WSL 1 和 WSL 2 分发版。 WSL 2 使用全新的体系结构，该体系结构受益于运行真正的 Linux 内核。

WSL1与WSL2的比较

WSL第一代并不“完整”，WSL1 只是一个用于访问 Linux 环境的兼容层，并没有实现 Linux 内核的完整功能。遇到的问题如下：

• 需要在 WSL 下单独安装一套 Docker 引擎，并进行额外配置
• 在 WSL 下启动 VS Code 后，会出现目录中文件被占用的情况，导致无法重命名，必须要先退出 VS Code
• 无法正常使用 Linux 下全部命令，比如netstat

所以说WSL2比WSL1的主要优势：

• 提高文件系统性能
• 支持完全的系统调用兼容性
• WSL2 基于Hyper-V功能的子集提供了 真正的 Linux 内核

WSL2

启用适用于Linux的Windwos子系统

以管理员身份打开powershell，运行以下命令

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

这样就可以使用WSL第一代了

更新到WSL2

使用WSL2需要将windows10更新到较高的版本。

• 启用虚拟机平台可选功能

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

重新启动 计算机，以完成 WSL 安装并更新到 WSL 2

• 下载Linux内核更新包

适用于 x64 计算机的 WSL2 Linux 内核更新包

• 将WSL2设置成默认版本

wsl --set-default-version 2

• 安装所选的Linux分发版本

打开Microsoft Store，选择Linux发行版本，获取安装

为新的 Linux 分发版创建用户帐户和密码

若要查看可用 Linux 分发版的列表，请输入 wsl --list --online。

WSL2删除linux子系统

wslconfig /l     # 列出所有子系统
# 从列表中选择要卸载的发行版（例如Ubuntu）并键入命令
wslconfig /u Ubuntu

wsl2支持从文件资源管理器访问 Linux 文件，路径为\\wsl$\

解决WSL2中Vmmem内存占用过大的问题

Windows的linux子系统最大占用可到本机器的80%，所以必须限制一下它的性能来达到优化目的。

按下Windows + R 键，输入 %UserProfile% 并运行进入用户文件夹

新建文件.wslconfig，然后将下列内容加入

[wsl2]
memory=4GB
swap=0
localhostForwarding=true

其中4GB为制作Vmmem进程使用内存的大小，然后关闭linux子系统然后在cmd运行 wsl --shutdown 后再次打开linux子系统即可生效

xshell连接WSL2

sudo apt-get remove openssh-server  # 卸载自带的 ssh
sudo apt-get install openssh-server  # 再次安装
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 修改如下内容
Port 1234 # 默认的是22，但是windows有自己的ssh服务用的也是22端口，与windows重复了
UsePrivilegeSeparation no
PasswordAuthentication yes # 密码验证
# 允许登陆的用户 AllowUsers name

sudo service ssh --full-restart  # 重启ssh服务

# 在xshell上连接，主机为127.0.0.1，端口为1234

windows terminal

安装并添加到右键菜单

参考官方文档：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/terminal/get-started

将terminal加入右键菜单：

Win+R运行regedit进入注册表目录HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell

配置美化

安装oh-my-posh

# 管理员身份运行“Windows PowerShell”
Install-Module posh-git
Install-Module oh-my-posh

set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

新建配置文件

在C:\Users\你的用户名\Documents\WindowsPowerShell新建文件 Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1，增加下列内容：

$l = Get-Location
if ($l.Path -eq "C:\WINDOWS\system32") {
  Set-Location "~"
}

Import-Module posh-git
Import-Module oh-my-posh

Set-Theme Paradox

美化配置：

修改windowsterminal的settings.json文件

// This file was initially generated by Windows Terminal 1.4.3243.0
// It should still be usable in newer versions, but newer versions might have additional
// settings, help text, or changes that you will not see unless you clear this file
// and let us generate a new one for you.

// To view the default settings, hold "alt" while clicking on the "Settings" button.
// For documentation on these settings, see: https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation
{
    "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",

    "defaultProfile": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",

    // You can add more global application settings here.
    // To learn more about global settings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-global-settings

    // If enabled, selections are automatically copied to your clipboard.
    "copyOnSelect": false,

    // If enabled, formatted data is also copied to your clipboard
    "copyFormatting": false,

    // A profile specifies a command to execute paired with information about how it should look and feel.
    // Each one of them will appear in the 'New Tab' dropdown,
    //   and can be invoked from the commandline with `wt.exe -p xxx`
    // To learn more about profiles, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-profile-settings
    "profiles":
    {
        "defaults":
        {
            // Put settings here that you want to apply to all profiles.
            "useAcrylic": true,
            "background": "#1e1e1e",
            "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
            "name": "Windows PowerShell",
            "commandline": "powershell.exe",
            "hidden": false,
            "closeOnExit": true, 
            "acrylicOpacity": 0.85,
            "fontFace": "Cascadia Code PL",
            "fontSize": 11,
            "cursorColor" : "#FFFFFF",
            "cursorShape": "bar",
            "padding": "0, 0, 0, 0",
            "snapOnInput": true,
            "startingDirectory": ".",
            "historySize": 9001,
            "colorScheme": "Builtin Tango Dark"

        },
        "list":
        [
            {
                // Make changes here to the powershell.exe profile.
                "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
                "name": "Windows PowerShell",
                "commandline": "powershell.exe",
                "hidden": false
            },
            {
                // Make changes here to the cmd.exe profile.
                "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
                "name": "Command Prompt",
                "commandline": "cmd.exe",
                "hidden": false
            },
            {
                "guid": "{2c4de342-38b7-51cf-b940-2309a097f518}",
                "hidden": false,
                "name": "Ubuntu",
                "source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl"
            },
            {
                "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
                "hidden": false,
                "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
                "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
            },
            {
                "guid": "{574e775e-4f2a-5b96-ac1e-a2962a402336}",
                "hidden": false,
                "cursorColor": "#ffffff",
                "cursorShape": "filledBox",
                "name": "pwsh",
                "commandline": "C:/Program Files/PowerShell/7-preview/pwsh.exe -nologo",
                "source": "Windows.Terminal.PowershellCore",
                // 启动菜单一定要设置为 <.>，否则后面重要的一步将会无效！
    			"startingDirectory": ".",
    			// 字体
			    "fontFace": "Fira Code",
			    "fontSize": 11,
			    "historySize": 9001,
			    "padding": "5, 5, 20, 25",
			    "snapOnInput": true,
			    "useAcrylic": false,
			    // 颜色
			    "colorScheme": "Homebrew"
            }

        ]
    },

    // Add custom color schemes to this array.
    // To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes
    "schemes": [
        {
            "name": "Homebrew",
            "black": "#000000",
            "red": "#FC5275",
            "green": "#00a600",
            "yellow": "#999900",
            "blue": "#6666e9",
            "purple": "#b200b2",
            "cyan": "#00a6b2",
            "white": "#bfbfbf",
            "brightBlack": "#666666",
            "brightRed": "#e50000",
            "brightGreen": "#00d900",
            "brightYellow": "#e5e500",
            "brightBlue": "#0000ff",
            "brightPurple": "#e500e5",
            "brightCyan": "#00e5e5",
            "brightWhite": "#e5e5e5",
            "background": "#283033",
            "foreground": "#00ff00"
        },
        {
            "name": "Afterglow",
            "black": "#151515",
            "red": "#ac4142",
            "green": "#7e8e50",
            "yellow": "#e5b567",
            "blue": "#6c99bb",
            "purple": "#9f4e85",
            "cyan": "#7dd6cf",
            "white": "#d0d0d0",
            "brightBlack": "#505050",
            "brightRed": "#ac4142",
            "brightGreen": "#7e8e50",
            "brightYellow": "#e5b567",
            "brightBlue": "#6c99bb",
            "brightPurple": "#9f4e85",
            "brightCyan": "#7dd6cf",
            "brightWhite": "#f5f5f5",
            "background": "#212121",
            "foreground": "#d0d0d0"
        },

        {
            "name": "Chalk",
            "black": "#7d8b8f",
            "red": "#b23a52",
            "green": "#789b6a",
            "yellow": "#b9ac4a",
            "blue": "#2a7fac",
            "purple": "#bd4f5a",
            "cyan": "#44a799",
            "white": "#d2d8d9",
            "brightBlack": "#888888",
            "brightRed": "#f24840",
            "brightGreen": "#80c470",
            "brightYellow": "#ffeb62",
            "brightBlue": "#4196ff",
            "brightPurple": "#fc5275",
            "brightCyan": "#53cdbd",
            "brightWhite": "#d2d8d9",
            "background": "#2b2d2e",
            "foreground": "#d2d8d9"
        },
        {
          "name": "AdventureTime",
          "black": "#050404",
          "red": "#bd0013",
          "green": "#4ab118",
          "yellow": "#e7741e",
          "blue": "#0f4ac6",
          "purple": "#665993",
          "cyan": "#70a598",
          "white": "#f8dcc0",
          "brightBlack": "#4e7cbf",
          "brightRed": "#fc5f5a",
          "brightGreen": "#9eff6e",
          "brightYellow": "#efc11a",
          "brightBlue": "#1997c6",
          "brightPurple": "#9b5953",
          "brightCyan": "#c8faf4",
          "brightWhite": "#f6f5fb",
          "background": "#1f1d45",
          "foreground": "#f8dcc0"
        },
        {
          "name": "Breeze",
          "black": "#31363b",
          "red": "#ed1515",
          "green": "#11d116",
          "yellow": "#f67400",
          "blue": "#1d99f3",
          "purple": "#9b59b6",
          "cyan": "#1abc9c",
          "white": "#eff0f1",
          "brightBlack": "#7f8c8d",
          "brightRed": "#c0392b",
          "brightGreen": "#1cdc9a",
          "brightYellow": "#fdbc4b",
          "brightBlue": "#3daee9",
          "brightPurple": "#8e44ad",
          "brightCyan": "#16a085",
          "brightWhite": "#fcfcfc",
          "background": "#31363b",
          "foreground": "#eff0f1"
        },

        {
          "name": "Builtin Solarized Dark",
          "black": "#073642",
          "red": "#dc322f",
          "green": "#859900",
          "yellow": "#b58900",
          "blue": "#268bd2",
          "purple": "#d33682",
          "cyan": "#2aa198",
          "white": "#eee8d5",
          "brightBlack": "#002b36",
          "brightRed": "#cb4b16",
          "brightGreen": "#586e75",
          "brightYellow": "#657b83",
          "brightBlue": "#839496",
          "brightPurple": "#6c71c4",
          "brightCyan": "#93a1a1",
          "brightWhite": "#fdf6e3",
          "background": "#002b36",
          "foreground": "#839496"
        },
        {
          "name": "Builtin Tango Dark",
          "black": "#000000",
          "red": "#cc0000",
          "green": "#4e9a06",
          "yellow": "#c4a000",
          "blue": "#3465a4",
          "purple": "#75507b",
          "cyan": "#06989a",
          "white": "#d3d7cf",
          "brightBlack": "#555753",
          "brightRed": "#ef2929",
          "brightGreen": "#8ae234",
          "brightYellow": "#fce94f",
          "brightBlue": "#729fcf",
          "brightPurple": "#ad7fa8",
          "brightCyan": "#34e2e2",
          "brightWhite": "#eeeeec",
          "background": "#000000",
          "foreground": "#ffffff"
        },
        {
          "name": "Flat UI Palette v1 Modified",
          "background": "#1c2024",
          "black": "#000000",
          "blue": "#2980b9",
          "foreground": "#ecf0f1",
          "green": "#27ae60",
          "red": "#e74c3c",
          "white": "#ffffff",
          "yellow": "#f1c40f",
          "cyan": "#16a085",
          "purple": "#8e44ad",
          "brightBlack": "#52677c",
          "brightBlue": "#3498db",
          "brightCyan": "#1abc9c",
          "brightGreen": "#2ecc71",
          "brightPurple": "#9b59b6",
          "brightRed": "#e67e22",
          "brightWhite": "#ecf0f1",
          "brightYellow": "#f1c40f"
        },

		{
	      "name": "Gruvbox Dark",
	      "black": "#1e1e1e",
	      "red": "#be0f17",
	      "green": "#868715",
	      "yellow": "#cc881a",
	      "blue": "#377375",
	      "purple": "#a04b73",
	      "cyan": "#578e57",
	      "white": "#978771",
	      "brightBlack": "#7f7061",
	      "brightRed": "#f73028",
	      "brightGreen": "#aab01e",
	      "brightYellow": "#f7b125",
	      "brightBlue": "#719586",
	      "brightPurple": "#c77089",
	      "brightCyan": "#7db669",
	      "brightWhite": "#e6d4a3",
	      "background": "#1e1e1e",
	      "foreground": "#e6d4a3"
        }
	],

    // Add custom actions and keybindings to this array.
    // To unbind a key combination from your defaults.json, set the command to "unbound".
    // To learn more about actions and keybindings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-keybindings
    "actions":
    [
        // Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
        // These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
        // To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
        { "command": {"action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+c" },
        { "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },

        // Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box
        { "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },

        // Press Alt+Shift+D to open a new pane.
        // - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
        // - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
        // To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
        { "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "auto", "splitMode": "duplicate" }, "keys": "alt+shift+d" }
    ]
}